Player Efficiency Rating (PER)

PER is a player evaluation metric that boils down all of a player’s contributions into one number. John Hollinger‘s formula adds positive stats and subtracts negative ones through a statistical point value system. The average PER is set at 15. For more information about PER Calculation visit basketball-reference. As the PER largely measures offensive performance -while the calculation seems pretty …

Player Impact Estimate (PIE)

Player Impact Estimate aka PIE, is a metric to gauge a player’s all-around contribution to the game. Almost all statistical categories in the box score are involved in the PIE formula. PIE answers what % of the events in a game each player contributed. PIE is created by the NBA and often being compared to PER. Unlike PER, PIE calculation …

Player Tracking Plus Minus (PT-PM)

Player Tracking Plus Minus (PT-PM) is Andrew Johnson’s player evaluation metric based on a combination of: Real Plus Minus (RPM), Box score data, SportVu data PT-PM is split into offense (OPT-PM) and defense (DPT-PM) in terms of estimates of a player’s impact on the floor.

Points Created

Points created is a linear metric, invented by Bob Bellotti, that evaluates overall player performance. It comprises all current primary and secondary statistical categories: points, rebounds, assists, steals, blocked shots, missed shots (both field goals and free throws), turnovers, and personal fouls. VBP: The value of ball possession is league’s average points per 100 possessions. It measures overall performance rather …

Points Per Possession (PPP)

Points Per Possession (PPP), is a player evaluation metric that refers to a player’s scoring efficiency. PPP becomes more meaningful when it is broken down into events such as PPP in isolation plays, PPP in pick-and-roll situations. Related Metric: Scoring Player Possession

Points Per Shot Attempt (PTS/FGA)

Points Per Shot Attempt is a player efficiency evaluation metric which is calculated by dividing the total points (2P made and 3P made) by the total field goals attempts. “Points per shot attempt” metric ignores points scored on free throws, so true shooting percentage (TS%) makes more sense if free throws should be taken into account.

Points Produced

Points Produced is Dean Oliver’s metric of player’s offensive contribution which has been considered more important than the individual “points scored”. It is simply just the amount of points produced by a player per 100 possessions. A player produces points through made shots, assists, and offensive rebounds. The number of points produced by the various methods depends on the actual …

Quantified Shooter Impact (qSI)

Quantified Shooter Impact (qSI) is a metric developed by using Second Spectrum video tracking data. It simply measures the impact of the player, compared to league average. With using the video tracking data, we are able to break down effective field goal percentage to; – “quality of the shot” (toughness of the shot) – “impact of the shooter” (the ability …

Quantified Shot Quality (qSQ)

Quantified Shot Quality (qSQ) is a metric developed by using Second Spectrum video tracking data. In brief, qSQ is the effective field-goal percentage when; – the type of the shot, – location of the shot, – nearby defenders have taken into account. Before video tracking era, effective field goal percentage was the most advanced metric to evaluate a shooter. With …

RAPTOR

RAPTOR, a new statistical plus-minus method developed by FiveThirtyEight, tries to reflect how NBA players are evaluated by the front-offices in the era of player tracking. CARMELO was the 538’s first projection system, which has been replaced with RAPTOR. RAPTOR takes qualities such as height, age and draft position, awards given by the association into account. RAPTOR stands for “Robust …

Real Plus-Minus (RPM)

Real Plus Minus (RPM) is the player’s average impact in terms of net point differential per 100 offensive and defensive possessions. RPM can be broken down into offensive and defensive metrics: Offensive Real Plus-Minus: (ORPM): Player’s average impact on his team’s offensive performance, by the points scored per 100 offensive possessions. Defensive Real Plus-Minus: (DRPM): Player’s average impact on his …

Rebound Percentage

Total rebound percentage is estimated percentage of available rebounds grabbed by the player while the player is on the court.

Regularized Adjusted Plus Minus (RAPM)

Conventional adjusted plus-minus does a poor job of predicting the outcome of future games, particularly when you have less than a season of data. Adding regularization greatly improves accuracy, and some players’ plus-minus ratings change dramatically. The enhancement with the RAPM is a Bayesian technique in which the data is combined with theoretical beliefs regarding reasonable, large data ranges for …

Scoring Player Possessions

Scoring player possessions would be the player’s field goals that weren’t assisted on, plus a certain percentage of his field goals that were assisted on, plus a certain percentage of his assists, plus his free throws made. Related Metric: Points Per Possession (PPP)

Seasons Left

Seasons Left is the estimate of how many seasons the player has left to play.

Simple Projection System (SPS)

Simple Projection System (SPS) has been developed to account for aging when calculating player efficiency. SPS uses 3 years of data, with the most recent data weighted heavier. It regresses towards the mean. So the model has an age factor and the numbers are adjusted to account for age. An example of how the SPS is calculated.

Simple Rating System (SRS)

Simple Rating System aka SRS, is a player evaluation metric that mainly focuses on plus-minus. The developer of SRS, Roland Beech, explains it as a player’s own stats vs. the counterpart player on the other team while he is on the court. He publishes SRS stats on his 82games.com website.

Statistical Player Value, SPV

Basketball is rich with history, rich with talented players, and rich with data that helps to track player accomplishments in games.  But it has always lacked a cohesive measure that allows the value added by players of differing skill sets to be compared as apples to apples.  I am attempting to create just such a way of tabulating the value …

Statistical Plus-Minus (SPM)

Statistical Plus/Minus (SPM) is an estimate of the player’s contribution to the team’s point differential per 100 possessions, using his box score stats as inputs. In another words, SPM can be considered as a way of estimating adjusted plus-minus from box score stats. Statistical plus-minus puts weight to basic box score stats like points, steals, blocks, etc., in an effort …

Steal Percentage

Steal Percentage is the percentage of estimated opponent possessions that end with a steal by the player while the player is on the court.

Tendex

Tendex is Dave Heeren‘s player evaluation metric which is generally considered the first player rating system with linear weights.

Total Player Possessions

Total player possessions is the total number of how many times a player ends his team’s possession. It represents a player’s total possessions in the game.

Touches

Touches estimate the number of times a player touched the ball in an attacking position on the floor. The theory behind the formula is that once a player gets the ball, he can only do one of four things (aside from dribbling, of course): pass, shoot, draw a foul, or commit a turnover. %Pass = 100 * (AST / 0.17) …

Trade Value

Trade Value is the estimate using a player’s age and his approximate value to determine how much value a player has left in his career. Invented by Bill James.

True Shooting Percentage (TS%)

True shooting percentage, aka TS%, is a metric that factors a player’s or a team’s performance at the free-throw line and considers the efficiency of all types of shots. This NBA statistic helps us compare players with varying responsibilities and shooting abilites on the floor. A higher True Shooting Percentage generally indicates a more efficient scorer, while a lower percentage indicates …

Turnover Ratio

Turnover Ratio, aka turnover percentage, is the percentage of a team’s or player’s possessions that end in a turnover. Calculating the number of turnovers a player will make in 100 possessions makes itself ‘tempo-free’ (adjusted for team pace and minutes played) NBA stats that everyone wants to look at. But, the turnover ratio is also limited, as it is a …

Usage Rate

Usage rate, aka NBA usage percentage, is an estimate of the percentage of team plays used by a player while he was on the floor. Usage rate can be calculated with how a possession ends: “field-goal or free-throw attempt, or a turnover.   As you can identify on the chart, when a player is on the court, his usage rate …

Versatility Index

Versatility Index, which is invented by John Hollinger, is a metric that measures a player’s ability to produce in more than one statistic. The metric uses points, assists, and rebounds. The average player will score around a five on the index, while top players score above 10. Versatility Index stats can be followed on our own player stats pages.

Win Probability Added (WPA)

Win Probability Added aka WPA, utilizes box score stats to rank player contributions which are weighted to give more credit to clutch shots and pace of the game. Created by Mike Beuoy in 2014, WPA focuses on missed shots, made shots, turnovers, and free throws while ignoring rebounds, assists, blocks and steals in clutch minutes or in garbage time.